The idea that men inherit their hair loss exclusively from their mother’s side of the family is a widely held belief, but it’s only partially accurate. While genetics play a central role in male pattern baldness, hormonal activity, lifestyle, stress levels, and even nutrition also contribute significantly to the condition.
According to Dr. Thivos Sokratous, a medical doctor and hair loss specialist at Ouronyx, this common myth is rooted in a simplified understanding of human genetics. “Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes that determine everything from eye color to disease susceptibility,” he explains. “One of these pairs— the sex chromosomes—determines biological sex. Males inherit an X chromosome from their mother and a Y chromosome from their father.”
Research has indeed identified a notable association between male pattern baldness and a gene located on the X chromosome—the androgen receptor (AR) gene, which influences how the body responds to androgens like testosterone. Because this gene is inherited from the mother, it has led to the idea that the maternal line is solely responsible for hair loss. “Some studies estimate that this gene may account for up to 70% of the genetic predisposition to androgenetic alopecia,” says Dr. Sokratous. “But this doesn’t mean your father’s genes are irrelevant.”
In reality, male pattern baldness results from a polygenic inheritance pattern, meaning that it’s the combined influence of multiple genes—both maternal and paternal—that ultimately determines one’s susceptibility. Moreover, genetics alone do not tell the full story.
“Hair loss is also strongly influenced by hormonal activity—particularly how the scalp metabolizes testosterone into dihydrotestosterone (DHT),” notes Dr. Sokratous. DHT is a potent androgen that can shrink hair follicles and shorten the hair growth cycle in genetically predisposed individuals. “The use of anabolic steroids, which elevate testosterone levels, can accelerate this process,” he adds.
Hormonal imbalances caused by thyroid dysfunction, chronic stress, or other endocrine disorders may also contribute to various types of hair loss, further complicating the clinical picture.
For individuals concerned about progressive hair thinning, Dr. Sokratous recommends comprehensive blood tests to assess both genetic markers and hormonal health. “Sometimes hair loss may be a symptom of an underlying condition that is diagnosable and treatable. And even if it's not, these insights can help patients understand their trajectory over the next five, ten, or fifteen years—and plan interventions accordingly.”
Finally, environmental and lifestyle factors can either mitigate or exacerbate the rate of hair loss. Nutritional status plays a crucial role. “A diet rich in zinc, iron, vitamin D, and B-complex vitamins supports scalp and follicle health,” says Dr. Sokratous. “But it’s not just about what you eat—it’s also about how efficiently your body absorbs and utilizes these nutrients.”
In short, while the myth of maternal inheritance contains a kernel of truth, male pattern baldness is a multifactorial condition shaped by genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences. Understanding the full spectrum of causes can empower individuals to take meaningful, science-based steps in managing their hair health.